Family of glycosyl transferases needed for the synthesis of succinoglycan by Rhizobium meliloti

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Abstract
Rhizobium meliloti produces an acidic exopolysaccharide, termed succinoglycan or EPS I, that is important for invasion of the nodules that it elicits on its host, Medicago sativa. Succinoglycan is a high-molecular-weight polymer composed of repeating octasaccharide subunits. These subunits are synthesized on membrane-bound isoprenoid lipid carriers, beginning with a galactose residue followed by seven glucose residues, and modified by the addition of acetate, succinate, and pyruvate. Biochemical characterizations of lipid-linked succinoglycan biosynthetic intermediates from previously identified exo mutant strains have been carried out in our laboratory (T. L. Reuber and G. C. Walker, Cell 74:269-280, 1993) to determine where each mutation blocks the biosynthetic pathway. We have carried out a fine structure genetic analysis of a portion of the cluster of exo genes present on the second symbiotic megaplasmid of R. meliloti and have identified several new genes. In addition, the DNA sequence of 16 kb of the exo cluster was determined and the genetic map was correlated with the DNA sequence. In this paper we present the sequence of a family of glycosyl transferases required for the synthesis of succinoglycan and discuss their functions.