Application of computer-assisted sperm analysis system to elucidate lack of effects of cyclophosphamide on rat epididymal sperm motion.

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Abstract
A computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system was used to examine the motion of epididymal spermatozoa derived from cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated male rats. Male rats were orally dosed daily for 1 week with 20 mg/kg of CP. Males were euthanized or were mated 3 times with untreated females at 1 day, 3 weeks, and 8 weeks after the final treatment. Significant decreases in testicular and epididymal weights and epididymal sperm counts of the treated animals were noted after 8-week recovery. Histopathological morphometry of the testis revealed minimal damage to spermatogonia at 1 day after the final treatment and to spermatocytes after 3-week recovery in the CP-treated group. On Caesarian section, increased post-implantation losses were found in females mated with CP-treated males in matings starting 1 day and 3 weeks after the final treatment. On the other hand, none of the sperm motion parameters of treated males derived from the CASA system exhibited significant changes at any time points, although the spermatozoa of treated males at 1 day and 3 weeks after the final treatment were damaged at the DNA level, and the spermatozoa of males after 8-week recovery had been the target cells of CP when they were spermatogonia in the testis. It was thus found that damaged spermatozoa could exhibit no changes on their motion when the damage was confined to the nuclei, and that the effect of CP on sperm nuclei was reversible.