Geographic Variation and Gene Flow in Puccinia cruciferarum

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Abstract
This microcyclic rust attacking Cardamine spp. lacks pycnia. With the aid of phase-contrast examination it has been separated into 4 geographic populations distinguished especially by the size and distribution of warts on the spore walls ssp. cruciferarum occurs in the Alps on C. alpina, C. gelida and C. resedifolia; ssp. borealis occurs in northern Europe, and in Alaska, Yukon and British Columbia on C. bellidifolia; ssp. wyomingensis occurs in Wyoming and Utah on C. cordifolia; ssp. nearctica Savile et Parmelee occurs on C. bellidifolia in Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Is. and northern Greenland in typical form, but changes clinically southward toward borealis. Gene flow is believed to occur through nuclear exchange between contiguous mycelia.

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