Mechanisms of Antioxidant Action: Rubber-Bound Antioxidants Based on Nitrones—I. Non-Sulphur Vulcanizates

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Abstract
The antioxidant activities of a number of N-phenyl nitrones containing phenolic functions were compared with N-methyl nitrones and conventional antioxidants in peroxide and TMTD sulphurless vulcanizates. The N-phenyl nitrones were found to be effectively bound during vulcanization; whereas, the N-methyl nitrones were not. Unhindered phenols reacted to a higher degree and were relatively more effective than the typical hindered phenol antioxidant structures. A conventional bisphenol was effective in the sulphurless vulcanizate after solvent extraction, but this is considered to be due to the formation of an insoluble zinc salt. Synergism was observed in the TMTD sulphurless vulcanizate both before and after extraction.

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