The Other Lesson of Rwanda: Mediators Sometimes Do More Damage than Good

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Abstract
Rwanda is a densely populated, central African country of just over 7 million people (pre-genocide) squeezed into an area the size of Maryland. Its population is comprised mainly of three groups—the tiny minority Twa, [End Page 222] the larger Tutsi and the overwhelming majority Hutu. 3 Even prior to German colonization, the minority Tutsi (primarily cattle owners) dominated over the Hutu (mainly farmers) and the aboriginal Twa. However, it was Belgium which, after taking control from Germany after World War I, institutionalized Tutsi dominance and solidified these divisions through the issuance of ethnic identity cards in 1926. 4

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