The effect of soil physical conditions and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of Italian ryegrass

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Abstract
SUMMARY: An experiment is described in which plots of a silt loam soil and a clay soil were compacted by ploughing when the soil was ‘wet’ or ‘dry’. Further plots were thoroughly loosened by hand digging. These treatments resulted in a wider range of soil physical conditions than had been obtained in a previous experiment.A 2-year ley of Italian ryegrass was grown on the plots and was harvested twice in each year. Marked effects on crop yield were found at the first harvest but relative effects at subsequent harvests were much smaller. Yield responses to differences in soil physical conditions depended on stage of crop, levels of applied nitrogen fertilizer, inherent chemical fertility of the soil and distribution of rainfall during the growing season.