Coplanar Aperture Lens

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Abstract
The focal length, the position of the principal plane and of the virtual image, as well as the spherical aberration constant for the coplanar aperture lens (which consists of a cathode in the form of a disk and an anode occupying the rest of the plane of the cathode) have been measured in the electrolytic tank trajectory tracer and calculated analytically. Such a lens is an essential element of electron energy spectrometers of the retarding potential type. The knowledge of the spherical aberration constant permits the design of a two‐lens system for an analyzer, in which the aberrations of the two lenses cancel partially. The effects of lens aberrations on the energy resolution of the instrument are calculable with the aid of the optical constants and, accordingly, the design may be optimized.

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