TCGAP, a multidomain Rho GTPase-activating protein involved in insulin-stimulated glucose transport

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Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in fat and muscle cells via the translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter from intracellular storage vesicles to the cell surface. The signaling pathways linking the insulin receptor to GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes involve activation of the Rho family GTPases TC10α and β. We report here the identification of TCGAP, a potential effector for Rho family GTPases. TCGAP consists of N‐terminal PX and SH3 domains, a central Rho GAP domain and multiple proline‐rich regions in the C‐terminus. TCGAP specifically interacts with cdc42 and TC10β through its GAP domain. Although it has GAP activity in vitro, TCGAP is not active as a GAP in intact cells. TCGAP translocates to the plasma membrane in response to insulin in adipocytes. The N‐terminal PX domain interacts specifically with phos phatidylinositol‐(4,5)‐bisphosphate. Overexpression of the full‐length and C‐terminal fragments of TCGAP inhibits insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. Thus, TCGAP may act as a downstream effector of TC10 in the regulation of insulin‐stimulated glucose transport.