Ecological Succession and Bird-life at a Newly Excavated Gravel-pit

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Abstract
Kaleidoscopic changes in habitat occur during the excavation and extraction, and the subsequent in filling, of gravel workings. This paper links the physical changes with the vegetation succession and exploitation of the site by bird-life at each stage and at all seasons. Continuous observation and careful recording are essential to the formulation of ideas on the proper management of such sites for wildlife conservation.