Flora of Hipparion epoch

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Abstract
The evolution and distribution of flora that flourished during the time of the middle Miocene to Pleistocene Hipparion fauna is outlined. Owing to the vast geographic range of the fauna, extendfrom Spain to the Pacific and from southwestern Siberia and Transbaylcalia to central Africa, summary of the flora involves the discussion of several different fossil assemblages. The variety of assemblages serves to illustrate the migration of the various flora as climatic changes took place. It also illustrates the gradual development of the open-terrain to which the fauna was adapted. Grasslands undoubtedly more wooded than the modern steppes appeared; however, intrazonal communities of mesophyll forests also existed along rivers, lakes, valleys and in the mountains. The author proposes that migration of the true Hipparion fauna to America across land bridges from Asia did not take place because of the predominance of forests and taiga-Siberian formations in those northern areas. --F. M. Hueber.

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