Studies related to the head‐maturation pathway of bacteriophages T4 and T2: I. Morphology and kinetics of intracellular particles produced by mutants in the maturation genes

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Abstract
Mutants in the genes governing the maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4 and in gene 24 were studied by electron microscopy of thin sections. We define morphologically: black particles, comprising mature, stable heads and immature, fragile heads, which break down upon lysis; grizzled particles, which apparently are partially filled or partially emptied; empty large particles without DNA or core Which are all the same size as normal heads; empty small particles without DNA and without core which are of the size of the τ particle, which is the prehead of phage T4. The study of single and double mutants of the maturation genes demonstrates that the phenotypes are only different by the proportions of the different particles made except for 17− where only empty small and empty large particles accumulate. The mutants in gene 24 are epistatic on all other mutants. Mutants in gene 17 are epistatic on the remaining ones. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the products of several of the maturation genes act on DNA to render it competent for packaging while the others act directly on the particle. By this uncoupling, bypasses and abortive pathways can result.