Teratogenic effects of lithium in rats

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Abstract
Developmental defects were observed in fetuses following intra‐peritoneal administration of lithium chloride to pregnant rats. The resulting malformations were almost exclusively cranial in location, primarily affecting the eye, external ear, and palate. In addition resorption rate was increased. Since this represents the first report of such effects in rats, the results are discussed with respect to previous experiments using lithium in other experimental animals and to the possibility of lithium‐induced teratogenesis in human beings.