Effect of procaine amide on the membrane currents of the sino-atrial node cells of rabbits.

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Abstract
Using small rabbit sino-atrial node preparations, the effects of procaine amide [an antiarrhythmic drug] in concentrations from 0.01-2 mg/ml on the membrane potentials and currents were studied by current-clamp and voltage-clamp experiments. Procaine amide in concentrations > 0.1 mg/ml reduced the peak of the action potential, maximum diastolic potential and the maximum rate of depolarization. The action potential duration was prolonged, the resting potential was decreased and the heart rate was reduced. In the voltage-clamp experiments, procaine amide (0.1 mg/ml) reduced the slow inward current (is), the outward current (iK) and the inward current activated by hyperpolarization (ih). The major effect was the reduction of the outward current. Since the degree of the steady-state activation of iK and its time constant were unchanged, the observed reduction of ik could be caused by a reduction of iK.