The Coupling of the Short-Circuit Current to Metabolism in the Urinary Bladder of the Toad

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Abstract
The relationship of the short-circuit current to metabolism was studied in the toad bladder in vitro. Substrates and inhibitors were added to the bathing medium and the effect on the short-circuit current was determined. The spontaneous decline in the short-circuit current that occurred in substrate-free media was prevented or reversed by the addition of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, or ß-hydroxybutyrate, whereas acetate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates had no effect. A variety of metabolic inhibitors depressed the short-circuit current; depression by iodoacetate and by malonate was delayed by prior addition of pyruvate or lactate but not by glucose. The ability of a substrate to stimulate the current did not correlate with its rate of oxidation to CO2. On the basis of earlier studies, the metabolic effects on the short-circuit current were assumed to reflect equivalent effects on the rate of active Na transport. It is suggested that the energy for Na transport is provided not by a general cellular metabolic pool but by a specific metabolic pathway or pathways spatially linked to the transport mechanism.