Syncope

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Abstract
A review of the various types of syncope. The importance of the neurogenic mechanisms which maintain arterial pressure and cardiac output in the upright position is emphasized. These mechanisms fail to operate in postural hypotension because of a neurologic defect which alters the function of the sympathetic nervous system. In vasodepressor syncope a paradoxical response occurs with dilatation of the vascular bed in the muscles and a slow heart rate. Carotid sinus syndrome is associated in many instances with occlusive disease of the carotid or vertebral arteries. This accentuates the effect of minor alterations in hemody:-namics on the cerebral circulation.