Sensitive enzyme electrodes

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Abstract
Conventional enzyme electrodes are relatively insensitive devices capable of measuring analytes in the micromolar range. Inhibited enzyme electrodes work by measuring the inhibition of an enzyme turning over undersaturated conditions. This increased turnover gives greater sensitivity. The detection limits are controlled either by the thermodynamic amplitude or by the kinetic discrimination. Software has been developed to analyse the current time transient to produce concentrations of the inhibitor. Results for CN- and H 2 S are presented. The packed bed wall jet electrode is an electrode assembly that allows complete reaction of the substrate with the enzyme coupled to an efficient hydrodynamic régime for electrochemical detection. Results for the determination of acetylcholine are presented. The electrode can also be used in an immunoassay for the determination of human immunoglobulin in the nanomolar range. Finally results will be presented for in vivo changes in ascorbate in the brain of the freely moving rat as a result of tail pinch; changes on a timescale of half a second can be followed.

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