Choroid Plexus Tumors in Children: Immunohistochemical and Scanning-Electron-Microscopic Features

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Abstract
The 30 choroid plexus tumors recorded in a large pediatric tumor registry were reviewed. The 22 choroid plexus papillomas and 8 choroid plexus carcinomas represented 2.1% of all brain tumors in the registry. The patients (19 boys, 11 girls) were aged 3 months to 12 years (mean: 2 years 9 months). All tumors and four samples of normal choroid plexus were examined with conventional histology, 9 tumors were examined with electron microscopy and 24 using immunohistochemical techniques with antisera against glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, epidermal cytokeratin, internal organ cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen. Seven of the tumors (1 carcinoma and 6 papillomas) had some positive cells with antiserum against glial fibrillary acidic protein. Twenty-seven of the tumors (90%) and all normal choroid plexus samples were positive with antiserum to S-100 protein. Some tumor cells from both types of tumor and the normal choroid plexus reacted positively with internal organ cytokeratin antiserum, but all tissue samples were nonreactive with epidermal cytokeratin antiserum. Ultrastructurally, both papillomas and carcinomas displayed cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. Transmission and/or scanning electron microscopy revealed cilia in all choroid plexus papillomas. Frequently, the cilia had an abnormal arrangement, varying from 5 + 0 to 8 + 1. This study demonstrates that tumor cells of choroid plexus origin are characterized by the presence of S-100 protein and internal organ cytokeratin antiserum. Cilia, either normal or abnormal, are consistently identified in papillomas but rarely and with difficulty in carcinomas. Carcinoembryonic antigen is seen in choroid plexus carcinomas but not papillomas.