Shock Produced by Obstruction of Venous Return to the Heart in the Dog

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Abstract
Inflation of a balloon in the dog''s inferior vena cava above the origin of the hepatic veins represents a simple means of producing any desired degree of arterial hypotension for any desired period of time. The hypotension is associated with a decrease in cardiac size and appears or is relieved within sec. of inflation and deflation of the properly positioned balloon. The hypotension is rapidly associated with venous and arterial unsaturation, hemo-concn., rising plasma K and reduction or cessation of urine flow, electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. The blood abnormalities and water and electrolyte excretions are rapidly returned to normal when arterial blood pressure is restored following deflation of the balloon. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow return toward normal more slowly, especially after the longer periods of hypotension. The apparent degree of renal functional impairment, however, is not always well correlated with the degree or duration of the arterial hypotension. Hypotension, maintained for 2 hrs. in one dog, produced irreversible shock. On autopsy this dog exhibited ascites, focal necrosis of the liver, but normal heart and kidneys.

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