Osmotic Threshold for Vasopressin Release as Determined by Saline Infusion and by Dehydration

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Abstract
The influence of alterations in blood volume on osmotically-induced vasopressin release has been determined in normal subjects. The plasma osmolality at which vasopressin release was initiated (osmotic threshold) in hydrated subjects receiving a maintained water load was determined by inducing hypertonicity either by infusion of 5% saline or by water deprivation. The osmotic threshold obtained by saline infusion was 286.6 ± 0.9 (SD) mOsm/kg, while that obtained by water deprivation was 282.2 ±2.0. These differences were significant and, together with previously reported data on the influence of plasma volume expansion with dextran, lend support to the concept that relatively small changes in plasma volume have a modifying effect on osmotically-induced release of vasopressin. A decrease in plasma volume lowers the osmotic threshold, while an increase in plasma volume increases the osmotic threshold for vasopressin release.

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