Abstract
A generalized simulation model of energy and N balance for free-ranging nonreproducing ruminants is presented. The model estimates daily energy and N requirements. Based on daily diet digestibility and N concentration, the model predicts total voluntary intake, rates of digestion and passage, partitioning of energy and N to maintenance, growth and fattening, changes (positive or negative) in lean body mass and adipose reserves, and returns of energy and N to the ecosystem.

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