Action of sympathetic nerves of inner and outer muscle of sheep carotid artery, and effect of pressure on nerve distribution.

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Abstract
The direction of torsion produced during active shortening of helical strips of sheep carotid arteries was measured to assess whether inner or outer muscle was contracting. Noradrenaline contracted inner (non-innervated) muscle in lower concentrations than were needed to contract outer (innervated) muscle, even with desipramine present to prevent uptake of noradrenaline by the nerves and with enough cyanide present to raise the normally low O2 tension of inner muscle to that of outer muscle. Activation of sympathetic nerves in the outer part of the artery by nicotine caused almost evenly balanced contraction of both parts of the wall, with slight bias to outer contraction. Moderate external constriction of the artery in vivo for 10-17 days, in order to raise pressure throughout the wall to intraluminal pressure, made the entire wall nerve-free. The nerves can induce substantial activation of inner muscle, which is highly sensitive to noradrenaline, and the absence of nerves from inner muscle can be explained by the high pressure there.