We evaluated clinical predictors of leukoaraiosis among 218 patients admitted to a neurogeriatric ward and submitted to cranial computed tomography. Leukoaraiosis was strongly correlated with increasing age, also when this effect was adjusted for the other risk factor variables. Since lacunar infarcts were positively and nonlacunar negatively associated with leukoaraiosis, a history of stroke significantly predicted leukoaraiosis only when its effect was corrected for the infarct type. A complaint of gait disturbance and an extensor plantar response were the only significant predictors of leukoaraiosis among neurologic symptoms and signs in a multivariate model including the age and infarct type as covariates. Based on age and on these clinical features, the probability of encountering leukoaraiosis on the computed tomography scan of elderly neurological patients can be determined.