Effect of arm‐cranking on leg blood flow and noradrenaline spillover during leg exercise in man

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Abstract
Controversy exists whether recruitment of a large muscle mass in dynamic exercise may outstrip the pumping capacity of the heart and require neurogenic vasoconstriction in exercising muscle to prevent a fall in arterial blood pressure. To elucidate this question, seven healthy young men cycled for 70 minutes at a work load of 5540%VO2max. At 30 to 50 minutes, arm cranking was added and total work load increased to (mean ± SE) 82 ± 4% of Vo2max. During leg exercise, leg blood flow average 6.15 4.511 minutes‐1, mean arterial blood pressure 137 ± 4 mmHg and leg conductance 42.3 ± 2.2 ml minutes‐1 mmHg‐1. When arm cranking was added to leg cycling, leg blood flow did not change significantly, mean arterial blood pressure increased transiently to 147 ± 5 mmHg and leg vascular conductance decreased transiently to 33.5 ± 3.1 ml minutes‐1 mmHg‐1. Furthermore, arm cranking doubled leg noradrenaline spillover. When arm cranking was discontinued and leg cycling continued, leg blood flow was unchanged but mean arterial blood pressure decreased to values significantly below those measured in the first leg exercise period. Furthermore, leg vascular conductance increased transiently, and noradrenaline spillover decreased towards values measured during the first leg exercise period. It is concluded that addition of arm cranking to leg cycling increases leg noradrenaline spillover and decreases leg vascular conductance but leg blood flow remains unchanged because of a simultaneous increase in mean arterial blood pressure. The decrease in leg vascular conductance observed when arm cranking increased mean arterial blood pressure could be regarded more as a measure to prevent overperfusion than a measure to maintain arterial blood pressure.