Analysis of migration success of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in the haemocoel of Simulium vittatum

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Abstract
Migration success (i.e. the proportion of worms that reach the thorax) of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mf) in the haemocoel of Simulium vittatum was studied by inoculating mf into the posterior abdomen, and recording their distribution in the blackfly body at predetermined time points. Mf arrive into the thorax by active locomotion rather than by drifting in haemolymph currents. Migration into the thorax was completed by 12 h post inoculation (pi) but was not continuous throughout this period. Migration proceeded in two phases; the first occurred 0–2 h pi and the second at 6–12 h pi. Overall, migration success 12–24 h pi was only 36%, indicating thata substantial number of mf failed to reach the thorax, either because they were eliminated by the fly's defensive response or because they remained in the abdomen. Migration success was density independent Mf that arrive into the thorax within 2 h pi did not differ in their migration potential from mf that remained in the abdomen at this time. In flies where more mf migrated successfully there was lower mf loss, indicating that migration success was linked to mf loss. Moreover, the proportion of mf in the thorax was not correlated with mf loss, suggesting that mf loss affected the number of mf that migrated successfully, rather than the reverse causal relationship.