Gas Exchange and Respiratory Mechanics During Hip Arthroplasty

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Abstract
Gas exchange and respiratory mechanics were studied during [human] hip arthroplasty, according to Charnley. Dead space measurements were made by capnography and thoracic compliance and resistance, calculated from tracheal pressure variations and respiratory gas flow. Pa[arterial partial pressure]O2 fell by 2.5 kPa [kilopascal] with the insertion of each prosthesis. Small increases in PaCO2 were also seen. Distal (approximately corresponding to alveolar) dead space increased by 25% when each prosthesis was anchored. Dynamic thoracic compliance fell by 30-40 ml/kPa at the insertion of either prosthesis, while inspiratory and expiratory resistances were unaffected. The findings may indicate interference with the functions of bronchial and the pulmonary vascular tree.