Evidence for Xylem Dysfunction by Embolization in Dutch Elm Disease

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Abstract
Conducting vessels of elm seedlings were stained by dye uptake from a vacuum container during transpiration. Nonconducting vessels remained unstained or their walls were only stained where in direct contact with conducting vessels. The staining pattern of the vessel network was analyzed by shuttle microscopy over distances of 1000 transverse sections, spaced 0.1 mm. Nonconducting vessels in infected [by Ceratocystis ulmi] stems were thus identified before any other visible effect, such as entry of hyphae or gums, could be detected.

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