Ketone bodies increase glomerular filtration rate in normal man and in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the administration of acetoacetic and hydrochloric acids in a group of control and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients influenced renal haemodynamics. Renal plasma flow increased from 657±88 to 762±81 ml·min−1. 1.73 m−2 in diabetic patients (pp−1·1.73 m−2 in diabetic patients (p< 0.001) and from 117±8 to 145±7 in control subjects (p<0.01). Similar effects on renal haemodynamics, even if less pronounced, were observed with low dose acetoacetic but not with hydrochloric acid infusion. Total protein, β2-microglobulin but not albumin excretion rates were increased by acetoacetic acid. We conclude that an acute increase in blood concentration of ketone bodies within the range found in diabetic patients with poor metabolic control (1) increases renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate both in control subjects and diabetic patients and (2) causes a tubular proteinuria.