A new rutile structure solid-solution phase in the LiNb3O8-TiO2 system, and its role in Ti diffusion into LiNbO3

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Abstract
An extensive range of solid solubility was found in the LiNb3O8-TiO2 system. The solid-solution phase has the undistorted rutile structure for 0.40≤x≤1.0 in (Li0.25Nb0.75O2)1−x (TiO2)x. A member of this series, with x≊0.58, is proposed to be the intermediate phase formed during Ti indiffusion in LiNbO3 during optical waveguide formation, rather than Ti0.65Nb0.35O2 as was previously postulated. This assignment agrees with the experimental results of previous studies of Ti indiffusion into LiNbO3 single crystals, and is consistent with a Ti diffusion mechanism based on defect chemistry studies. The preparation and structural characterization of the LiNb3O8-TiO2 solid-solution phase is discussed.