Interactions of platinum complexes with the essential and nonessential sulfhydryl groups of thymidylate synthetase

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Abstract
Thymidylate synthetase (methylenetetrahydrofolate:deoxyuridylate C-methyltransferase) from Lactobacillus casei was progressively inactivated when incubated at 25.degree. C, pH 6.8, in the presence of trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2. The inhibition appeared to be irreversible, and the rate of activity loss was dependent on the inhibitor concentration. The corresponding cis isomer was incapable of inhibiting the enzyme under the same conditions. The presence of 2-mercaptoethanol protected the enzyme from inhibition, but did not reactivate enzyme preparations which were inhibited prior to the addition of the thiol. The interactions of cis- and trans- Pt(NH3)2Cl2 with the enzyme''s -SH groups were inferred from the results of spectrophotometric titrations of the enzyme with 5,5''-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The cis isomer probably reacted with an average of 1.3 of the enzyme''s 4 -SH groups, and these apparently were not essential for catalysis. The trans isomer reacted with a total of .apprx. 2.5 -SH groups, 1.2 of which are essential for catalysis. Neither the trans isomer nor a combination of both isomers was able to react with 1.2 of the 4 -SH groups. Further evidence that the Pt complexes interact with enzyme''s -SH groups was obtained by reversibly blocking the -SH groups of thymidylate synthetase and demonstrating the resistance of these preparations to inhibition by the trans Pt complex. Possible explanations for the preferential inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by only 1 of the 2 geometric isomers of Pt(NH3)2Cl2 are considered.