Biophysical methods of providing objective documentation of the effects of moisturizing creams

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Abstract
Moisturizers are widely used to relieve the clinical and subjective impressions of dry skin, such as roughness, scaling, and an uncomfortable feeling of tightness. Several noninvasive methods are available for objectively evaluating the physical properties of the stratum corneum and the quality of its surface. Increasing demands for scientific documentation of advertising claims have led to the use of these methods for studying skin response to moisturizers. This review provides some insight into how performance of moisturizers can be measured. Biophysical methods for examination of skin properties, such as surface contour, scaling, surface lipids, friction, transepi-dermal water loss, hydration and elasticity are briefly described. Application of moisturizers to the skin induces measurable tactile, visual and functional skin changes, which can be measured with noninvasive instruments. The use of such instruments allows objective examination and follow-up of therapeutic effects without interfering with the studied skin area.

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