The Transformation of Tropical Storm Agnes into an Extratropical Cyclone. Part II: Moisture, Vorticity and Kinetic Energy Budgets

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Abstract
Moisture, vorticity and kinetic energy budgets are constructed to diagnose the transformation of tropical storm Agnes (June 1972) into an extratropical cyclone in this second of two papers on Agnes. The vertical motions and divergent wind components used in the computations are taken from the solution of the nonlinear balance model described in Part I [DiMego and Bosart (1982)]. The budget equations are formulated in a quasi-Lagrangian reference frame centered with respect to the moving surface cyclone for several storm volumes. The results are displayed spatially as well as in time-section format. Synoptic-scale transport and moisture convergence dominate the moisture budget and all terms together define well the areas of observed precipitation. Both budget and model-computed precipitation, particularly the latter, underestimate the observed precipitation. The discrepancy is attributed to the sub-grid scale convective processes and model underestimation of the divergent wind components. Advectio... Abstract Moisture, vorticity and kinetic energy budgets are constructed to diagnose the transformation of tropical storm Agnes (June 1972) into an extratropical cyclone in this second of two papers on Agnes. The vertical motions and divergent wind components used in the computations are taken from the solution of the nonlinear balance model described in Part I [DiMego and Bosart (1982)]. The budget equations are formulated in a quasi-Lagrangian reference frame centered with respect to the moving surface cyclone for several storm volumes. The results are displayed spatially as well as in time-section format. Synoptic-scale transport and moisture convergence dominate the moisture budget and all terms together define well the areas of observed precipitation. Both budget and model-computed precipitation, particularly the latter, underestimate the observed precipitation. The discrepancy is attributed to the sub-grid scale convective processes and model underestimation of the divergent wind components. Advectio...

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