Countercurrent Chromatography: Liquid-Liquid Partition Chromatography Without Solid Support

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Abstract
Three new techniques to produce a continuous counter-current liquid phase flow in the absence of a solid support show a high efficiency in solute partitioning. The first uses a coiled tube to trap the stationary phase in each turn under either a gravitational or centrifugal field. In the second, droplets of the moving phase pass through the stationary phase in a vertical tubular space under the gravitational field. The third employs a column prepared by placing numerous centrally perforated partitions in a tube and dividing the space into multiple cells called ‘locules’. In the locule the liquids form an interface while the solute partition is promoted by circular stirring of the liquids induced by either rotation or gyration of the column. These methods enable both analytical and preparative chromatographic separation without the complications arising from a solid support.