A radiographic study of urine flow in the domestic fowl

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Abstract
The movement of radiopaque media in the ureters, cloaca, colon and caeca was studied radiographically in 12 in‐lay light hybrid hens. During direct screening of the conscious birds after intravenous administration of sodium diacetamidotriiodobenzoate, the contrast medium was observed to pass along the ureters to their distal extremity under the action of ureteral contractions. It accumulated in the coprodeum, which remained quiescent in some birds, but in others, periods of vigorous contraction of the coprodeum forced the material cranially into the colon. Retroperistaltic contractions of the colon which appeared to originate in the coprodeum were then seen to promote further retrograde movement and on several occasions the contrast medium entered the caeca. Retrograde movement of a suspension of barium sulphate from the coprodeum into the colon and caeca was also observed, but neither of the contrast media entered the ileum. Post‐mortem radiographs of the viscera confirmed the presence of the contrast media in the cloaca, colon and caeca. The findings are illustrated by radiographs and the contribution of retrograde flow to caecal filling is discussed.

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