Efficacy of permethrin-impregnated uniforms in the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iranian soldiers

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Abstract
Background: One approach for prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the creation of a barrier between the insect vector (phlebotoms) and the host. Many but not all researchers claim that permethrin‐impregnated uniforms are effective for prevention of CL. We determined the efficacy of permethrin‐impregnated uniforms for prevention of CL in Iranian soldiers. Methods: A total of 324 soldiers were randomized to two equal groups, of which 272 soldiers completed the study. In group A, 134 soldiers were issued permethrin‐impregnated uniforms. In group B, 138 soldiers were issued uniforms washed in water. The soldiers wore uniforms day and night for 3 months, and were observed for an additional period of 6 months. All the soldiers remained in the leishmania‐endemic area of Isfahan during the 3 months. Results: Nine (6·5%) of 138 soldiers wearing control uniforms and six (4·4%) of 134 soldiers wearing permathrin‐impregnated uniforms acquired CL. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P < 0·05). Conclusion: Permethrin‐impregnated uniforms are not effective for the prevention of CL.

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