Action of X-rays on the eggs of calliphora

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Abstract
For accurate measurements of the action of x-rays on biological specimens, it is of highest importance that the specimens be as uniform and healthy as possible. The flies used in the author''s exps. were the offspring of a single fly, 20 generations being used. Detailed information is given as to the raising of the flies and collecting and manipulating of the eggs. The x-ray tube delivered approximately 40 r/ min. at 47.1 cm. distance for a tube voltage of 79 kv., a current of 5 amps. and a filter of 0.01 cm. of AC. Times of exposure were varied. The % of hatched eggs after exposure gives the measure for the biological effect of x-rays. During the process of development, the sensitivity of the egg to x-rays decreases greatly; this decrease is not uniform; there is a period (4-7 hrs.) with rapid loss of sensitivity and 2 periods (2-4 hrs. and 7-10 hrs.) with increase of sensitivity. These results agree with those found with other eggs (Drosophila and Ascaris). It is concluded that, as the change from the uninuclear to the multinuclear phase is abrupt and is accompanied by a sudden decrease in sensitivity to x-rays, this decrease is related to the division of the whole cell, rather than to the division of the nucleus alone.

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