Aluminum Speciation and Movement in Three Small Watersheds in the Southern Laurentians

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Abstract
A study of three forested watersheds in southern Quebec shows that stream water chemistry, in particular the concentration of reactive Al, is dependent on the flowpath of water, Analyses of soil solutions and stream waters are used to identify the source of water under different streamflow conditions. During periods of baseflow the water flows through deep soil horizons, or bedrock, and very low concentrations of reactive Al are measured in the streams. During stormflow, generated by heavy rainfall, the pH decreases and the amount of soluble Al increases, Although very high levels of total reactive Al were measured (a maximum of 635 µg/L), the amount of uncomplexed, monomeric Al remained low; in only one of the basins did the concentration exceed the 200 µg/L level where Al toxicity to fish becomes a severe problem.

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