Antihyperglycaemic and Antioxidant Effect of Rutin, a Polyphenolic Flavonoid, in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

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Abstract
Flavonoids are non‐nutritive dietary components that are widely distributed in plants. The present study investigated the antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid in normal and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes as induced in rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rutin was orally administered to normal and diabetic rats for a period of 45 days. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly (P<0.05) increased, whereas insulin, C‐peptide, total haemoglobin, protein levels, non‐enzymic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E and ceruloplasmin) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic rats. Oral administration of rutin to diabetic rats significantly (P<0.05) decreased fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and increased insulin, C‐peptide, haemoglobin and protein levels. Administration of rutin also decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides and increased the non‐enzymic antioxidants significantly (P<0.05). Treatment of normal rats with rutin did not significantly (P<0.05) alter any of the parameters studied. These results show that rutin exhibits antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats.