Jet Breaks in Short Gamma‐Ray Bursts. II. The Collimated Afterglow of GRB 051221A

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Abstract
We report the best evidence to date of a jet break in a short gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow, using Chandra and Swift XRT observations of the X-ray afterglow of GRB 051221A. The combined X-ray light curve, which has three breaks, is similar to those commonly observed in Swift observations of long GRBs. A flat segment of the light curve at ~0.1 days after the burst represents the first clear case of strong energy injection in the external shock of a short GRB afterglow. The last break in the light curve occurs at ~4 days postburst and breaks to a power-law decay index of ~2. We interpret this as a jet break, with important implications for models of short GRBs, since it requires collimation of the afterglow into a jet with an initial opening angle θ0 ~ 4°-8° and implies a total jet kinetic energy of Ejet ~ (1-5) × 1049 ergs. Combined with the lack of a jet break in GRB 050724, this suggests a wide range in jet collimation in short GRBs, with at least some having collimation similar to that found in long GRBs, although with significantly lower jet energies.