Methods of Impact Absorption When Landing from a Jump

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Abstract
The vertical reaction force was measured during impact landings following a vertical jump. It was observed that variations between subjects occurred in the magnitude of the peak force over the first 150-200 ms after impact. This period of the landing is termed the impact absorption phase. Two extreme cases of impact landings are taken for analysis. These are referred to as ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ landings, describing the magnitude of the vertical force peak during impact absorption. These differences are produced as a result of the interactions which occur between the individual segments of the human body. The segmental contribution to the total force curve was derived by film analysis techniques. The specific influence of each segment on the total force curve was isolated and made comparable with other segments by using the relative acceleration of the segment mass centre to the lower joint about which it rotates. By using this variable to compare hard and soft landings, it was established that a soft landing was produced by a phased and controlled deceleration of body segments.
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