SPONDYLOLISTHESIS AS AN ETIOLOGIC FACTOR IN BACKACHE

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Abstract
Spondylolisthesis may be defined as subluxation of a vertebra, usually forward, and most commonly in the lumbosacral region, where it may produce narrowing of the pelvis. Backache is its most common symptom and forward and downward displacement of the lumbar spine its most common deformity. Recognized in 1853 by Killian as a clinical entity, spondylolisthesis was considered a rare condition and one that most commonly affected women. I am convinced that this deformity has escaped the attention of the general profession and that it will become an increasing factor in solving the problem of the relief of chronic backache. In my experience males are afflicted in the majority of cases, which is contrary to the earlier teachings. I believe that trauma and congenital defects are the important etiologic factors in spondylolisthesis and that obesity, occupational strain and pregnancy may aggravate or produce the symptoms and increase the deformity. Old injuries,

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