The potential of ovarian tissue transplant to preserve fertility

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Abstract
Laboratory research on ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation began in the 1950s leading to clinical studies in the 2000s. The research that was performed during this half a century indicated that cryopreserved ovarian tissue has the potential to restore fertility in women who face premature ovarian failure due to chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery. Until today, ovarian function has been restored in at least four women. Even though no pregnancies have been reported to date from these clinical studies, animal studies indicate that this is a valid prospect for humans. Future clinical trials will determine in a larger number of patients the longevity of ovarian grafts, normalcy of hormone production and ovarian follicle development, possibility and safety of pregnancy and the safety of auto-transplantation in cancer patients. In addition, further basic research may be needed to develop better cryoprotectants and cryopreservation techniques. However, the major improvement in the efficiency of ovarian transplantation is anticipated to come from research exploring the revascularisation process.