GENETIC STUDIES OF α-AMYLASE ISOZYMES IN WHEAT

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Abstract
''Tetra Canthatch'', a reconstituted AABB tetraploid, 6 strains of A. squarrosa and 6 strains of the synthetic AABBDD hexaploid were compared as to .alpha.-amylase isozymes, together with [Triticum turgidum ssp. turgidum] durum reichenbachii and 2 cultivars of common wheat [Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare] ''Chinese Spring'' and ''Canthatch''. Tetra Canthatch and durum reichenbachii showed the same zymogram (with some difference in relative activity of individual bands) corresponding to the zymogram in which the bands conditioned by the genes on the D genome chromosomes were removed from that of ''Canthatch''. In addition to Band 1 and 11, which were known to be specified respectively by the genes, on .beta. arm of 6D and on the long arm of 7D, Band 7 was probably controlled by a gene on .beta. arm of 6D. Six strains of A. squarrosa showed 3 different zymograms. This indicates an intraspecific variation, but no variation was found within the strains examined. Out of a total 7 bands detected in A. squarrosa, Band 13 was assumed to be specified by the gene probably allelic to that for Band 11. Band 4, 5 and 7'' remain to be genetically defined. Six strains of ''Tetra Canthatch'' A. squarrosa amphiploid again showed 3 different zymograms, which are the sum of the zymograms of the parents involved. Zymogram differences among 6 strains were absolutely attributable to differences among the 6 strains of A. squarrosa involved as the D genome parent of the amphiploid. Three bands on the anodic side, namely, Band 12, 13 and 15 showed basically enhanced activity in ''Tetra Canthatch'' as compared with ''Canthatch'' and other hexaploid wheat, while these bands reduced their activity in amphiploids to the degree comparable to ''Canthatch''. This may suggest compensation for missing Band 11 in ''Tetra Canthatch'' of the strengthened bands just mentioned. Two strains of the amphiploid showed the same zymogram as that of ''Canthatch'', which is the most prevailing zymogram in hexaploid wheat. Their D genome parents, both belonging to [A. squarrosa] ssp. strangulata, evidently carry the same .alpha.-amylase genes as those of the D genome of ''Canthatch''.

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