The importance of providing a good heat sink for avalanching transit time oscillator diodes

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Abstract
The achievement of 2.7 watts of CW power at 13.8 GHz with 10.2 percent efficiency is reported for an abrupt-junction p-n silicon avalanche transit time oscillator. Good efficiency requires a high current density without excessive diode temperature. The use of diamond heat sinks and arrays of small area junctions are suggested.