Identification of Flavonoid Chemical Markers in Roses and their High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Resolution and Quantitation for Cultivar Identification1

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Abstract
Flavonoids in flowers of ‘White Masterpiece’, ‘Bridal Pink’, and ‘Samantha’ roses (Rosa spp) were either kaempferol or quercetin 3-glycosides. They were the glucoside, xyloside, arabinoside, rhamnoside, glucuronide, rutinoside, a rhamnosylglucoside (not rutinose or neohesperidose), an acylated form of the rhamnosylglucoside, and galloylghicoside. Kaempferol 4’-glucoside, an important marker derived almost exclusively from old Scotch roses (R. foetida and R. spinossisima) was present only in ‘White Masterpiece’. Anthocyanins from ‘Bridal Pink’ and ‘Samantha’ were either cyanidin or pelargonidin 3,5-diglucosides along with traces of the related 3-glucoside. Parameters for the resolution and the quantitation of these flavanoids, by high pressure liquid chromatography, were established. Uniform sampling techniques were developed because of the quantitative differences in the flavonoid distribution in a rose petal. Changes in the rate of fertilizer application and daylength affected only the concentration of the flavonoids, and the ratio of each compound to the total remained fairly constant.

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