Anisotropy of the Magnetic Susceptibility of Gallium

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Abstract
The bulk magnetic susceptibilities of single gallium crystals and polycrystalline gallium spheres were measured at 25°C. The following anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibilities were found: a axis (−0.119±0.001)×10−6 emu/g, b axis (−0.416±0.002)×10−6 emu/g, and c axis (−0.229±0.001) emu/g. The susceptibility of the polycrystalline spheres, assumed to be the average value for the bulk susceptibility of gallium, was (−0.257±0.003)×10−6 emu/g at 25°C, and (−0.299±0.003)×10−6 emu/g at −196°C. The susceptibility of liquid gallium was (0.0031±0.001)×10−6 emu/g at 30°C and 100°C. Rotational diagrams of the susceptibilities in the three orthogonal planes of the unit cell were not sinusoidal. The anisotropy in the single crystals was presumably caused by the partial overlap of Brillouin zone boundaries by the Fermi-energy surface. The large change in susceptibility associated with the change in state was attributed to the absence of effective mass influence in the liquid state.

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