Evaluating an aggression experiment by the use of simulating subjects.

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Abstract
Assigned 32 male undergraduates (real Ss) to receive either 1 or 7 shocks which were supposedly administered by a fellow student in an adjoining room. Later, each S had a socially sanctioned opportunity to shock his partner, ostensibly to evaluate an essay written by him. Another 32 Ss were included as simulating controls who did not receive shocks. In a factorial analysis of the number of shocks administered, significant differences were found for shock level and essay content but not between real Ss and simulating Ss. This outcome suggests that demand characteristics may account for results in this kind of aggression experiment. Significant differences were found between the responses of real Ss and simulating Ss to an adjective checklist, but these differences were not inconsistent with the demand characteristic interpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

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