Chaotic Breathers in Delayed Electro-Optical Systems

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Abstract
We show that in integro-differential delayed dynamical systems, a hybrid state of simultaneous fast-scale chaos and slow-scale periodicity can emerge subsequently to a sequence of Hopf bifurcations. The resulting time trace thereby consists in chaotic oscillations “breathing” periodically at a significantly lower frequency. Experimental evidence of this type of dynamics in delayed dynamical systems is achieved with a Mach-Zehnder modulator optically fed by a semiconductor laser and is subjected to a delayed nonlinear electro-optical feedback. We also propose a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon.