Binding of theophylline in human serum determined by ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis.

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Abstract
1 Binding of theophylline (80 mumol/l) was determined in serum from healthy subjects by equilibrium dialysis and by ultrafiltration, using [3H]‐theophylline, at 22 degrees C and at different pH‐values. pH was regulated by gassing with CO2 or by dialysing the serum against a phosphate buffer before use. 2 Binding of theophylline in serum was 34‐ 38% determined by equilibrium dialysis and 41‐45% determined by ultrafiltration at pH 7.4‐7.5. The protein concentration in serum decreased by 12‐16% during equilibrium dialysis and increased by 20% during ultrafiltration. The intersubject variation in binding was small. 3 Binding of theophylline in serum was pH‐dependent with 25‐30% bound at pH 7.0 and 58‐60% bound at pH 8.1‐8.3. Binding was significantly correlated to the fraction of ionized theophylline. 4 The binding of theophylline in normal human serum is about 35‐40% at pH 7.4 and 22 degrees C. The difference in binding observed between equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration may be explained by the opposite changes in protein concentration during the experiment. 5 Control of pH is necessary to obtain physiologically relevant data on drug binding in serum.