Chlorbromuron-Carbofuran Interaction in Corn and Barley

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Abstract
Treatments with the herbicide 3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (chlorbromuron) were combined with seed treatments with the insecticide, 2,2-dimethyl-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuranyl-7-N-methylcarbamate (carbofuran), to measure phytotoxic interaction effects on barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Larker’) and corn (Zea maysL. ‘Michigan 400’). The combination synergistically reduced radicle length in barley seedlings and reduced the leaf area and dry weight of 7-day-old corn seedlings grown in sand culture. The chlorbromuron-carbofuran combination reduced net photosynthesis in barley and corn and increased respiration in barley. The14C from14C-chlorbromuron preferentially accumulated in barley and corn shoots. The carbofuran seed treatment resulted in a reduced level in barley shoots and corn roots but increased the accumulation of14C in barley roots and corn shoots. The basis for this interaction appeared related to the increased accumulation of chlorbromuron in corn and barley shoots and reduced chlorbromuron metabolism.