The compliance of the porcine pulmonary artery depends on pressure and heart rate

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Abstract
The influence of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mean Ppa) on dynamic (Cd) and pseudo‐static compliance (Cps) of the pulmonary artery was studied at a constant and a changing heart rate. Cd is the change in cross‐sectional area (CSA) relative to the change in Ppa throughout a heart cycle. Cps is the change in mean CSA relative to the change in mean Ppa. If Cd is known, pulmonary blood flow can be computed from the Ppa using a windkessel model. We investigated whether Cps can be interchanged with Cd. In nine anaesthetized pigs, we determined the mean CSA and Cd of the pulmonary artery at various Ppa levels, ranging from approximately 30 to 10 mmHg, established by bleeding. Two series of measurements were carried out, one series at a spontaneously changing heart rate (n= 9) and one series at a constant heart rate (n= 6). To determine CSA a conductance method was used. C ps depended on pressure. The mean CSA versus mean Ppa curves were sigmoid and steepest in the series with the increasing heart rate (established by bleeding). The CSA versus Ppa loop during a heart cycle, giving Cd, was approximately linear and almost closed. The Cdversus mean Ppa relationship was bell shaped. Its width was smaller if the heart rate increased during the series of measurements. The pressure, where Cd was maximum, was higher at higher heart rates. Furthermore, the maximum Cd was not affected by the heart rate. Because the pulmonary artery constricts with increasing heart rate, Cps will be overestimated during procedures where heart rate increases. Cd should be determined on a beat‐to‐beat basis to calculate flow because it changes with mean pulmonary arterial pressure and heart rate.